Gothic Europe
“Gothic” was originally a disparaging term applied to
medieval art and architecture by Italians in the 16th century, who
considered it crude. In actuality, the art produced in the high middle ages,
between 1140 and 1500, is highly original, expressive and technically
innovative. The finest achievement of the era is the Gothic cathedral,
epitomized by the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Chartres, France. Here we find the
characteristic features that set Gothic cathedrals apart from earlier
buildings: pointed arches, masonry rib vaults, flying buttresses, and brilliant
colored-glass windows. The Gothic cathedrals in England are less vertical than
their French counterparts, but English builders pursued unique decorative
features such as fan vaults and pendants. In the Holy Roman Empire, German
sculptors continued to employ the heightened emotionalism that had been
established in Ottonian art. Throughout Europe, artists in the Gothic era also
produced remarkable examples of metalwork, relief sculptures, and manuscript
illumination that illustrate Christian themes and increasingly include
representations of secular figures.
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