Ancient Greek culture forms the cornerstone of Western cultural tradition. Though the ancient Greeks inherited some practices and forms from Egypt and Mesopotamia, they developed a distinct artistic and architectural identity that had profound impact on every Western culture since their time. Ancient Greek culture spans from ca. 900 BCE to ca. 30 BCE, and is divided into period the Geometric and the Archaic, the Early and High Classical, the Late Classical, and the Hellenistic marked by the development and refinement of artistic styles and architectural form. The ancient Greeks excelled at vase painting and produced highly refined sculptures, but among the greatest Ancient Greek achievements is the perfection of the temple form, exemplified in the Parthenon, the High Classical-period temple dedicated to Athena on the Acropolis in Athens. The Hellenistic Period witnesses a transforming cultural sensibility in Greece, one marked by influence from Eastern cultures as well as an increased freedom of expression. The Roman Empire is in its ascendency by the end of the Hellenistic Period in 30 BCE, and its art and architecture reflect the profound influence of Greek culture.
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